{"id":11347,"date":"2023-10-02T11:53:25","date_gmt":"2023-10-02T09:53:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.zambellipartners.com\/?p=11347"},"modified":"2023-10-02T12:05:54","modified_gmt":"2023-10-02T10:05:54","slug":"temporary-agency-work-the-latest-ruling-of-the-italian-supreme-court-in-light-of-the-jurisprudence-of-the-european-court-of-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zambellipartners.com\/en\/temporary-agency-work-the-latest-ruling-of-the-italian-supreme-court-in-light-of-the-jurisprudence-of-the-european-court-of-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"Temporary Agency Work: The Latest Ruling of the Italian Supreme Court in Light of the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice"},"content":{"rendered":"

The repeated use of temporary agency work contracts for traveling staff on cruise ships who do not respect the requirement of the temporary nature established by the EU Directive no. 2008\/104 is unlawful.<\/p>\n

Temporary Agency Work: The Latest Ruling of the Italian Supreme Court in Light of the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice<\/h2>\n
\n
\n

The decision of the Italian Court of Cassation (judg<\/span>e<\/span>ment of 1<\/span>st<\/span>\u00a0August 2023, no. 23445) deals with the use of temporary work contracts (i.e. \u201c<\/span>contratto di somministrazione a tempo determinato<\/span><\/i>\u201d) with the same user enhancing the rulings of the European Court of Justice on the interpretation of Section 5, paragraph<\/span>\u00a05<\/span>\u00a0of the EU Directive no. 2008\/104 on temporary agency work.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The case examined concerned a female worker employed on a cruise ship under no. 3 distinct temporary agency work contracts for an overall duration of more than<\/span>\u00a04 years.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

The employee claimed the conversion of the employment relationship into an indefinite relationship with the user (or, alternatively, with the agency)<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0pointing out that she worked on a\u00a0<\/span>continuous<\/span>\u00a0basis for the same user and carr<\/span>ied<\/span>\u00a0out the same tasks.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In the previous degrees of judg<\/span>e<\/span>ment, the claim by the employee was rejected<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0and the abuse of the institute of temporary work contract<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0was excluded since, although there had been no interruption between the no. 3 missions, the contracts entered<\/span>\u00a0were separate and distinct. According to the interpretation provided by the courts of merit, these circumstances were not to be considered prohibited by the law and by the collective bargaining agreements in force at the time. In particular, the competent Court of Appeal deemed that under the law regulating the temporary agency work contract<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0no maximum limit of duration for the missions was established, being such\u00a0<\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>mandatory limit provided only for \u201cdirect\u201d fixed-term employment contracts. Therefore, the employee\u00a0<\/span>cannot<\/span>\u00a0claim that the 36-month period at the time established as\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>maximum duration for direct fixed-term contracts shall\u00a0<\/span>also\u00a0<\/span>apply\u00a0<\/span>to the temporary work contracts (with the same user).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

On the contrary, the Italian Supreme Court upheld the employee\u2019s appeal, grounding its decision on the principles expressed by the European Court of Justice (with judg<\/span>e<\/span>ments CJEU 10\/14\/2020, C-681\/2018<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0and CJEU 03\/17\/2022, C-232\/2020).\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In the context of the assessment of the indexes<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0which reveal a possible abuse of repeated use of temporary agency work, the European Court of Justice stated that it must be verified if the missions carried ou<\/span>t<\/span>\u00a0by the worker through the agency in favor of the same user lead to a duration of the relationship longer than the one that could be reasonably deemed as \u201ctemporary<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

By applying such principles to the case at issue, the Italian Supreme Court noted that in the previous instances of the trial<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0it was not assessed whether the relationship between the worker (carrying out the same duties)\u00a0<\/span>and<\/span>\u00a0the same user exceeded that limit of time and, accordingly, if it could reasonably be considered\u00a0<\/span>\u201ctemporary<\/span>.<\/span>\u201c<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

In this conte<\/span>x<\/span>t, the Court of Cassation stated that<\/span>\u00a0exceeding<\/span>\u00a0such\u00a0<\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>limit implies an abuse of the institute of temporary work and, as a consequence, a breach of the purposes laid down by the EU Directive\u00a0<\/span>N<\/span>o. 2008\/104 on temporary agency work and of the mandatory rules established by the law pursuant to Section 1344 of\u00a0<\/span>the\u00a0<\/span>Italian Civil Code<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0which entails the unlawfulness of the contracts.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

It shall be eviden<\/span>t<\/span>\u00a0that<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0in the event the temporary agency work contract is declared unlawful, the employment relationship\u00a0<\/span>is<\/span>\u00a0converted into an open-ended employment relationship with the user.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Key Action Points for Human Resources and In-house Counsel<\/h2>\n
    \n
  • The use of temporary agency works before the same user for an employee carrying out the same tasks is not free of duration\u00a0<\/span>limit.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • In case of\u00a0<\/span>a\u00a0<\/span>claim, the competent Labo<\/span>u<\/span>r Court will assess on a case-by-case basis whether the reiteration of the worker\u2019s missions before the user has exceeded the limit of a duration that can reasonably be considered temporary<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0and in such an event<\/span>,<\/span>\u00a0the contracts entered will be considered unlawful for breach of mandatory rules and, specifically, of the obligations set forth by the EU\u00a0<\/span>law.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Employers shall\u00a0<\/span>b<\/span>ear<\/span>\u00a0in mind that in case the temporary agency work contracts are considered unlawful, the employment relationship i<\/span>s<\/span>\u00a0converted into an open-ended employment relationship with the\u00a0<\/span>user.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  • Employers shall carefully evaluate the use of temporary agency work contracts with workers who have already been employed through previous missions,<\/span>\u00a0even if the contracts have been\u00a0<\/span>entered into<\/span>\u00a0separately.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    The repeated use of temporary agency work contracts for traveling staff on cruise ships who do not respect the requirement of the temporary nature established by the EU Directive no. 2008\/104 is unlawful. Temporary Agency Work: The Latest Ruling of the Italian Supreme Court in Light of the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":73,"featured_media":11354,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nTemporary Agency Work: The Latest Ruling of the Italian Supreme Court in Light of the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The repeated use of temporary agency work contracts for traveling staff on cruise ships who do not respect the requirement of the temporary nature established by the EU Directive no. 2008\/104 is unlawful.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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